Smart Irrigation Control System Based on Web of Things using ESP32 Microcontroller and Node-RED

Abstract

With the rapid evolution of embedded systems and Web of things (WoT) technologies, agriculture stands as one of the most impactful sectors to benefit from digital transformation. WoT promotes the development of smart spaces—well-instrumented environments equipped with sensors and actuators—that can autonomously monitor and manage localized agricultural conditions. This thesis focuses on designing and implementing a smart space tailored for Farming environments. By integrating ESP32 microcontrollers, Node-RED for logic control, and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) for communication, the system ensures real-time monitoring. Unlike existing platforms such as Blynk or ThingSpeak, our solution allows full offline capability, dynamic API (Application Programming Interface) integration (like OpenWeather and Trefle.io), and enhanced user interaction via a customizable web dashboard. The system also includes a controlled water supply mechanism with tank monitoring and refill logic, allowing nutrient calibration and ensuring availability before irrigation. Furthermore, it supports both automatic and manual irrigation modes, enabling flexible responses to environmental changes and crop-specific needs. Through modular design and the ability to handle multiple greenhouses or farming areas, this platform provides a robust, multiple solution aimed at improving water efficiency and easing the workload of farmers. The project highlights the potential of smart spaces in agriculture to deliver intelligent, context-aware automation for sustainable farming practices.