Heat Transfer by Non-Newtonian-Based SWCNT-Nanofluids in the Presence of MHD

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer involving non-Newtonian-based nanofluids within an inclined square porous medium under the influence of MHD. To analyze the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, the power-law model, a widely used rheological model for studying flow phenomena in porous media, was employed. The Darcy model is utilized to describe the flow within the porous medium. The problem is characterized by a set of interrelated non-linear differential equations, known as governing equations, which consist of the mass conservation equation (also called the continuity equation), the momentum equation, and the energy equation. These core governing equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method, with convective flow in porous media modeled through Darcy's law and the Boussinesq approximation. The main parameters influencing the problem are the Rayleigh number (????), the power-law index (??), the volume fraction of nanoparticles??, the inclination angle of the applied magnetic field (??), the Hartmann number (Ha), and the inclination angle of the cavity (F). The results show that the power-law index (??), the volume fraction of nanoparticles??, inclination angle (F), and Hartmann number (????) have a significant impact on the flow intensity, as well as on the heat transfer driven by natural convection within the enclosure.