أثر اقتصاد المعرفة في التحول الهيكلي للاقتصاد الجزائري خلال الفترة (1990-2021) بالمقارنة مع بعض الدول العربية

Abstract

This study aims to measure the impact of the knowledge economy on the structural transformation of the economy in Arab countries through an empirical analysis involving 8 countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia, using annual data from the period 1990-2021. The study employs knowledge economy indicators such as enrollment rates in higher education, number of patents, internet user rates, and high and medium-tech exports as independent variables. The structural transformation of the economy, both overall and within the three main sectors of agriculture, industry, and services serves as the dependent variables for each model. The results of estimating the impact of the knowledge economy on the structural transformation of the economy in Arab countries, using the Pooled regression model, and the impact of the knowledge economy on the structural transformation of the industrial sector using the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) model, the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects with Two-Stage Least Squares (DCCE-2SLS) model, and the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects with Generalized Method of Moments (DCCE-GMM) model in the long term, show a positive effect of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) index on both the overall structural transformation of the economy and the transformation of the industrial sector. In contrast, other knowledge economy indicators had no effect on this transformation. In the short term, results using the DCCE estimator indicate a negative effect of both the human capital index and the innovation index on the structural transformation of the industrial sector in Arab countries, while the high and medium-tech exports index has a positive effect on the structural transformation of this sector. As for the models of structural transformation in the agriculture and services sectors, they were estimated using the Interactive Effects Estimator (IFE). The estimation results revealed a positive effect of the enrolment index in higher education and high and medium-tech exports, and a negative effect of the patent index and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the structural transformation of the agriculture sector. For the services sector, the results indicated a positive effect of most knowledge economy indicators on structural transformation, except for one indicator enrollment rates in higher education which had a negative impact on the sector's structural transformation. Furthermore, the causality test by Juodis, Karavias, and Sarafidis (2021) showed a causal relationship between knowledge economy indicators and structural transformation in the agriculture, industry, and services sectors.