Risk factors associated with helicobactor pylori infection

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a universally widespread bacterial pathogen affecting nearly half of the global population, with prevalence rates ranging from 85% to 95% in developing countries compared to much lower rates, often below 40%, in developed countries. The risk factors that contribute to acquiring H. pylori infection include low socioeconomic status, poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, consumption of contaminated water and food, and certain lifestyle habits. Although often asymptomatic, H. pylori is implicated in various gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Group 1 carcinogen, H. pylori poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding its epidemiology and risk determinants is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study presents a retrospective analysis of H. pylori infection prevalence and its associated gastrointestinal pathologies in Medea. Data were collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection over the past five years at the cyto-hitso anatomopathology laboratory at Public Health Establishment (PHE) of Mohamed Boudiaf in the region. Demographic variables, clinical presentations, and potential risk factors such as age and gender were analyzed. The findings reveal a high prevalence of H. pylori infection at 73%, with strong associations between infection and various gastrointestinal conditions, particularly chronic gastritis, which affected the majority of patients. Females were the most affected gender in this region, and adults constituted the largest infected age group. This retrospective analysis provides valuable insights into the epidemiological patterns of H. pylori infection and its role in different gastric pathologies, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the burden of this bacterium in our region and highlighting the need for enhanced preventive measures