Influence of Formulation Parametres on Liquid Detergent formulation and Performance: A Design of Experiments Approach

Abstract

This study demonstrated that the performance and stability of liquid dishwashing detergents are strongly influenced by both the type and concentration of formulation ingredients. The results showed that LABSA is the most influential component affecting pH, foaming ability, and emulsion stability, while NaCl plays a major role in controlling conductivity and clouding behavior. CAPB contributes to pH buffering and foam stabilization, whereas SLES enhances foaming performance but may negatively affect emulsion stability. Coco Glucoside improves foam stability, product mildness, and clouding control. In addition, processing conditions such as mixing speed and the order of ingredient addition were found to have a significant impact on the quality of the final product. Both academic and industrial formulations successfully achieved the desired pH range (6.5–7.5), confirming their suitability for dishwashing applications. Overall, formulation optimization requires a careful balance between several competing factors to obtain a stable, effective, and high-quality product